Academic writing “Histology”

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histology.docx

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Mya arenaria Clam: Features
Mya arenaria belongs to the soft clams.
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External Feature:
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Internal Feature of Gills, Mantle and Foot (Structure and Type of tissues and cells
that each organ have):
Useful link:
http://lanwebs.lander.edu/faculty/rsfox/invertebrates/crassostrea.html
Foot in bivalve:
http://file.scirp.org/Html/2-2240004_22498.htm
Gill in fish:
https://training.fws.gov/resources/course-resources/fishhistology/Fish_Histology_Manual_v4.pdf
Mantle:
https://www.terrapub.co.jp/onlinemonographs/absm/html/04/0401.html
In the second page, I collected information regard the cell type in Gills, Foot and Mantle
organs. If there are any sources you would like to use you are welcome to use them. I want
you to organize the information and don’t use them in quotation, instead paraphrase them
to avoid plagiarism.
Gills,
Since epithelial cells are the first line of tissues that form the boundaries between
different organs and tissues, fluids must pass through them.
Epithelium layer provides the protection, sensation, and transportation to the
underlaying tissues and adjacent cells. There are different types of Epithelial cells
that their difference based on the organ and the function of this organ. For
example, organs as gills exposed to water continuously, require thin layer of
epithelial cells that have large surface area to allow for gas diffusion and filtrate
oxygen and food from the surrounding water. It is a vascular layer, it doesn’t
contain blood vessels, and it receives nutrients by the diffusion “diffusion of
substances from the underlying connective tissue, through the basement
membrane.” Cell junctions are located in epithelial tissues.
Clams gills consist of filaments that are arranged into multiple folds that is called
Plicae. Each filament is lined with cilia that move the food particles through mucus
into the mouth. Cilia is composed of protein fibers called microtubules that
“anchored to the cell by the basal body.” The “filaments are attached to each other
and to the cell membrane by bundles of protein that run perpendicularly across the
actin filaments.”
*For further information, see the gill link
Foot
The foot in clams have “wedge-shape with multiple vertical furrows on the
surface.” “foot is composed of an epithelial layer, a connective tissue layer and a
muscular layer, the boundary between the connective tissue and muscular layer is
not clear. The epithelial layer was composed mostly of ciliated columnar epithelia
and secretory cells.”
“Epithelial cells forming the apical region of the fold were long columnar, while
cells of the interfold were mostly short columnar. “tight junctions of apico-lateral
aspect and membrane interdigitations were found between the epithelial cells.”
“Secretory cells were found to contain acidic mucopolysaccharide, and were
classified into two types in accordance with the shapes and ultrastructures of
secretory granules. The muscle fibers were composed of thin and thick
microfilaments.”
epithelial layer was mostly composed of ciliated columnar epithelia and mucous
cells
Mucous cells were observed in both epithelial and muscular layers, with vacuolar
The muscular layer was composed of collagen fibers and muscular fiber bundles,
with presence of hemolymph sinus.”
*For further information, see the foot link
Mantle:
*Please see the mantle link, it has information about the cell types in mantle.
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