Using the case study of “Tina”, write a 500-750 word essay in which you examine you in your paper:

Review the diagnostic criteria on pages 99-100; 160-161; 561-562 of the DSM-5. A counselor’s own perception of psychopathology is extremely important in the diagnostic process.Using the case study of “Tina”, write a 500-750 word essay in which you examine your thought process about her presenting issues. Include the following in your paper:Discuss the historic and cross-cultural perspectives of psychopathology that could potential impact the diagnosis and treatment of Tina.After reviewing the several diagnoses that could pertain to Tina from the latest version of the DSM, what is your diagnostic impression?Substantiate your diagnostic impression with appropriate criteria from the current version of the DSM.Discuss how historic misconceptions of psychopathology could potentially impact the treatment of this client. As part of this discussion, you may include a diagnosis, any referrals that you would make, and a general course of treatment. At least five scholarly references in addition to the textbook in your paper.Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
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Case Study: Tina
Tina is a 17-year-old Navajo female who is brought into a counselor’s office for symptoms of
depression; her family has noticed that she is more withdrawn than usual and she is often
observed crying and talking to herself. Through the intake interview, the counselor learns that
Tina hears voices daily that command her to perform certain acts of hygiene (showering,
combing her hair, etc.). She further reveals that she believes these voices to be the result of
witchcraft that her boyfriend is using to control her. Tina also states that she has used
methamphetamines heavily for the past several months. She and her mother ask the counselor to
work with Tina for the depression, but claim that they wish to see a medicine man for hearing
voices.
Where does the counselor begin with this client? Tina is clearly demonstrating symptoms of
psychoses, yet it is difficult to determine what has caused them. Is she experiencing a severe
depressive episode with psychotic features? Have the voices been induced by excessive drug
use? Alternatively, should the counselor take into account the cultural acceptance of witchcraft
and let the medicine man exclusively treat Tina? This case study is but one example of the way
different cultures deviate in concept of mental illness as it presents itself in the counselor’s office.
Viewing clients as devoid of their cultural backgrounds because notions of health and wellness
differ greatly by who is defining them are unethical and unwise. In order to be as receptive as
possible to a client’s position, counselors must constantly deconstruct and be aware of their own
beliefs regarding psychopathology. This process of exploring a belief system has been given
many names, one of which is social constructionism (Lemma, 2011).
Social constructionism is the concept that reality is formed and defined by the individual
experience of it; the perceptions of any given society are constantly in flux as trends and
knowledge shifts. As such, the concept of psychology changes to meet the needs of each given
culture. Ruder & Guterman (2007) state that “social constructionism is, itself, a social
construction that is always changing and subject to reconstruction” (p. 387).
References
Rudes, J. & Guterman, J. (2007). The value of social constructionism for the counseling
profession: A reply to Hansen. Journal of Counseling & Development,85(4), 387-392
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